Prepare themselves for different job options.

The question of whether our government should promote science and technology or the liberal arts in higher education isn't an either/or proposition(命題),although the current emphasis on preparing young Americans for STEM（science, technology, engineering, maths）-related fields can make it seem that way.

Moreover, students should be prepared not just for their first job, but for their 4th and 5th jobs, as there's little reason to doubt that people entering the workforce today will be called upon to play many different roles over the course of their careers.

For example, universities could incorporate IDPs into their graduate curricula to help students discuss, plan, prepare for, and achieve their long-term career goals.

The Three-Year Solution Hartwick College, a small liberal-arts school in upstate New York, makes New York, makes this offer to well prepared students: earn your undergraduate degree in three years instead of four, and save about 543,000—the amount of one year's tuition and fees

Perhaps, the study speculated, having a white roommate helps academically prepared black students adjust to a predominantly white university.